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You are here: Home / A1-10 Demonstratives

A1-10 Demonstratives

In Spanish, demonstratives can be feminine, masculine, and neuter.
-Singular form:
Este/Esta/Esto
Ese/Esa/Eso
Aquel/Aquella/Aquello
-Plural form:
Estos/Estas/Estos
Esos/Esas/Esos
Aquellos/Aquellas/Aquellos

Masculine and feminine forms have the same gender and number as the substantive.
Aquel es mi libro. (That is my book).
Esta es mi hermana. (This is my sister).

Demonstratives are used to indicate something which is nearer or further away.
Este/Esta/Esto (Close to me). ex. ¿Cuánto cuesta este libro? (How much is this book?).
Ese/Esa/Eso (Close to you). ex. ¿Quién es esa chica? (Who’s this girl?).
Aquel/Aquella/Aquello (Far away). ex. ¿Quiénes son aquellos hombres? (Who are those men?).

Demonstratives are also used to localise something in time.
Este/Esta/Esto (present or near future). ex. Este año voy de vacaciones a Francia. (This year I will go to France on holiday).
Ese/Esa/Eso (past). ex. Ese año me fui de vacaciones a París. (This year I went on holiday to Paris).
Aquel/Aquella/Aquello (past). Aquel año nació mi hijo. (That year my son was born).

Demonstratives can be used without substantives:
-Maybe because we don’t know what the substantive is. ex. ¿Qué es esto? Esto es un bolígrafo. (What’s this? It’s a pen).
-Or maybe because we know what the substantive is and don’t want to repeat ourselves. ex. Este libro me gusta mucho pero ese no. (I really like this book, but not that one).

NEXT: A2-1 Gender: masculine and feminine exceptions

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